Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Arenes: Evidence for Transmetalation between Two Pd(II)-Aryl Intermediates
Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
J. Am. Chem. Soc., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/ja505405u
Publication Date (Web): June 25, 2014
Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of arenes provides efficient access to biaryl compounds. The biaryl product forms via C–H activation of two arenes to afford a PdIIArAr′ intermediate, which then undergoes C–C reductive elimination. The key PdIIArAr′ intermediate could form via a “monometallic” pathway involving sequential C–H activation at a single PdIIcenter, or via a “bimetallic” pathway involving parallel C–H activation at separate PdII centers, followed by a transmetalation step between two PdII–aryl intermediates. Here, we investigate the oxidative coupling of o-xylene catalyzed by a PdX2/2-fluoropyridine catalyst (X = trifluoroacetate, acetate). Kinetic studies, H/D exchange experiments, and kinetic isotope effects provide clear support for a bimetallic/transmetalation mechanism.
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