The Structure of a Plant Tyrosinase from Walnut Leaves Reveals the Importance of “Substrate-Guiding Residues” for Enzymatic Specificity
M. Sc. Aleksandar Bijelic, Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Pretzler, Dipl.-Chem. Christian Molitor, M. Sc. Florime Zekiri and Prof. Dr. Annette Rompel*
Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie
Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien (Austria)
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 1
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506994
Abstract
Tyrosinases and catechol oxidases are members of the class of type III copper enzymes. While tyrosinases accept both mono- and o-diphenols
as substrates, only the latter substrate is converted by catechol
oxidases. Researchers have been working for decades to elucidate the
monophenolase/diphenolase specificity on a structural level and have
introduced an early hypothesis that states that the reason for the lack
of monophenolase activity in catechol oxidases may be its structurally
restricted active site. However, recent structural and biochemical
studies of this enzyme class have raised doubts about this theory.
Herein, the first crystal structure of a plant tyrosinase (from Juglans regia)
is presented. The structure reveals that the distinction between mono-
and diphenolase activity does not depend on the degree of restriction of
the active site, and thus a more important role for amino acid residues
located at the entrance to and in the second shell of the active site
is proposed.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002%2Fanie.201506994
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002%2Fanie.201506994
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