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Role of Spin States in Nitric Oxide Binding to Cobalt(II) and Manganese(II) Porphyrins. Is Tighter Binding Always Stronger?

Synopsis


Does tighter binding of a ligand always lead to a larger bond energy? Not necessarily, if multiple spin states are involved in the binding process, as illustrated here for nitrosyl complexes of Co(II) and Mn(II) porphyrins. On the basis of quantum chemical calculations (DFT, DFT-D, and coupled-cluster) and their critical comparison with available experimental data, the spin-state conversion energy is identified as an important contribution to the metal−NO bond energy.

Abstract

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Binding of nitric oxide (NO) to metalloporphyrins and heme groups is important in biochemistry while challenging to describe accurately by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Here, the structural and thermochemical aspect of NO binding to Co(II) and Mn(II) porphyrins is investigated by DFT and DFT-D (dispersion-corrected) calculations, supported by reliable coupled-cluster methodology (CCSD(T)), and critically correlated with the experimental data. It is argued that whereas the bonding of NO to Co(II) porphyrin is a simple radical recombination, the bonding of NO to Mn(II) porphyrin is accompanied by a crossing of spin states. For this reason, the spin-state conversion energy contributes to the Mn–NO bond energy, and the paradigmatic correlation between bond length and bond energy is violated for the considered nitrosyl complexes: the Mn–NO bond is (structurally) shorter by ∼0.2 Å, albeit (energetically) weaker by a few kcal/mol, compared with the Co–NO bond. Moreover, none of the many tested DFT methods can reproduce the Co–NO and Mn–NO bond energies simultaneously, except for calculations with B3LYP*-D3, TPSSh-D3, and M06-D3 methods supplemented with the proposed spin-state energy correction (to compensate for an error on the calculated spin-state conversion energy). The results of this study are important to appreciate the role of spin-state changes in ligand binding properties of heme-related models. They also highlight the need for accurate calculations for correct interpretation of experimental data, including the qualitative structure–energy relationship.

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