Expanding the Enzyme Universe: Accessing Non- Natural Reactions by Mechanism-Guided Directed Evolution
Angew.andte Reviews
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 3351 – 3367
Hans Renata, Z. Jane Wang, and Frances H. Arnold
Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
California Institute of Technology
1200 E. California Blvd. MC 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.201409470/pdf
Abstruction
High selectivity and exquisite control over the outcome of reactions
entice chemists to use biocatalysts in organic synthesis. However, many
useful reactions are not accessible because they are not in nature s
known repertoire. In this Review, we outline an evolutionary approach
to engineering enzymes to catalyze reactions not found in nature. We
begin with examples of how nature has discovered new catalytic
functions and how such evolutionary progression has been recapitulated
in the laboratory starting from extant enzymes. We then examine
non-native enzyme activities that have been exploited for chemical
synthesis, with an emphasis on reactions that do not have natural
counterparts. Non-natural activities can be improved by directed
evolution, thus mimicking the process used by nature to create new
catalysts. Finally, we describe the discovery of non-native catalytic
functions that may provide future opportunities for the expansion of
the enzyme universe.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 3351 – 3367
Hans Renata, Z. Jane Wang, and Frances H. Arnold
Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
California Institute of Technology
1200 E. California Blvd. MC 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.201409470/pdf
Abstruction
High selectivity and exquisite control over the outcome of reactions
entice chemists to use biocatalysts in organic synthesis. However, many
useful reactions are not accessible because they are not in nature s
known repertoire. In this Review, we outline an evolutionary approach
to engineering enzymes to catalyze reactions not found in nature. We
begin with examples of how nature has discovered new catalytic
functions and how such evolutionary progression has been recapitulated
in the laboratory starting from extant enzymes. We then examine
non-native enzyme activities that have been exploited for chemical
synthesis, with an emphasis on reactions that do not have natural
counterparts. Non-natural activities can be improved by directed
evolution, thus mimicking the process used by nature to create new
catalysts. Finally, we describe the discovery of non-native catalytic
functions that may provide future opportunities for the expansion of
the enzyme universe.
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